Mathematics can simply be defined as those aspects of human experience and knowledge that involve the concept of number, quantity and space. Over the years mathematicians in formal educational setting have been able to construct abstract concepts into logical, systematic and symbolic terms that involve pattern and precision. Physical observations are often better expressed in mathematical expressions thereby enhancing understanding. There is no doubt that mathematics has come to stay in the educ... read more

Olayinka (1998) said that examination malpractice is a “misconduct or improper practice in any examination with a view to obtaining good result through fraudulent means”. Some of the examination malpractices include: Cheating, giraffing, taking prepared answers to the examination hall, impersonation, writing on pieces of paper and hiding same under the private part, writing on the palms, thighs and using a certain finger to indicate the correct option in the objective test items such as t... read more

The predominant means of instruction has traditionally been through verbal medium, either as spoken lecture or written text. As more instructional resources of many different media types become available to students, especially the Sandwich ones through the internet, there is a need for educators to understand when these sources may be used effectively for instruction, as well as a need for students to develop an additional set of literacy skills in order to learn from these sources (Anyakoha, 1... read more

In this era of globalization and technological revolution, education is considered as a first step for every human activity. It plays a vital role in the development of human capital and is linked with an individual’s well being and opportunities for better living (Battle & Lewis, 2002). It ensures the acquisition of knowledge and skills that enable individuals to increase their productivity and improve their quality of life. This increase in productivity also leads towards new sources of earn... read more

Change is commonly said to be the most permanent thing in the world because of its inevitability. The world itself is not static. So also all the activities of human endeavour keep on changing. Education is not left out of the phenomena that change with time either in policy formulation, implementation or operation. We are currently in the age of advanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The world has become a global village. This makes what goes on in any part of the world know... read more

Changes in the educational sector in Nigeria demand that the school principals play a bigger and more important role in educational supervision. Mohd Salleh Lebar (2000) stated that educational supervision was not a new thing in Nigeria but has been in practice way back since the British colonial era. Those days’ schools were supervised by Visiting Teacher and School Inspectorate. Hence, the interactions between the inspectorate and teachers were already in existence. The relationship as of th... read more

It is literally impossible for any individual to learn a job or enter a profession and remain in it for long with his her skills basically unchanged. This is more changing organization like a school that must adapt to changing societal demands and instructional methodology. Thus, no matter how excellent the pre-service preparation and how well qualified school personnel are at the time of employment, efforts should be made to develop them personally and professionally on a regular and continuous... read more

The two possible outcome of an examination are success and failure. Failure is a very touchy issue which sometimes produces conflicts between teachers and students, parents and children, and sometimes between parents and teachers. This is so because failure is usually accompanied by unpleasant consequences, hence students try to avoid it by all means. In an attempt to avoid failure, students are known to exhibit some forms of behaviour ranging from fake complaints of illness to various forms of ... read more

The importance of quality education in nation building can the important of quality education in nation building can not be over emphasized. There have been several calls on the educational managers on how to make the educational system to be more vibrant in the quality of its products after several quality of mass failure and half braked products from our various educational institutions in the country. These over the years have generated a lot of debate and argument among Nigerians on the News... read more

According to Wikipedia, education is the process of facilitating learning or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs and habits. According to John Dewey (1916), it is a social process –a process of living and not a preparation for future living. Education is from three Latin words: 1. educatum meaning the act of teaching or training 2. educare meaning to bring up or to raise. 3. educere meaning to lead forth or to come o... read more

The issue of quality in any education system cannot be compromised. The quality of educational administrators (principals), teachers and learners (students) in any nation determines the quality of its citizenry. The changes in the educational sector in Nigeria, especially in education district five (v) demands that the school principals play a bigger and more important role in educational supervision. (Grauwe and Carron, 2004) states that principal supervisory roles in schools particularly... read more

The human family has long been besieged by many problems. The problems in question, existed side by side with the human without threatening it with extinction. History relates with the effects of child abuse and neglect, abject poverty, wife battery, absentee husbands, child trafficking, adolescent problems, economic austerity, famine, insecurity, violence, divorce and separation. According to Annie (2000), the recent problem facing the family structure in the contemporary society, is the proble... read more

Education is known to play a pivotal role in the development of a nation. The benefits that education offer are almost in -exhaustive, hence individuals and the society at large care for the provision of qualitative education in a nation/state. For instance, education in Nigeria is an instrument per excellence for effecting national development {FGN.2004}.Education is, thus, expected to play a different roles in national development. This is the reason government invests heavily in the education... read more

The term planning has no doubt enjoyed wide application across disciplines. However, different institutional context and socio-political structures determine the specific activity that can be classified as involving planning. For example, what an architect may regard as a planning activity may slightly differ from that of a medical doctor, an engineer, an economist or an administrator. In the same vein, the content of planning in the former socialist USSR before the break up of the Republic or a... read more

The importance of ICT is quite evidence from the educational perspective. Though the chalkboard, textbooks, radio/television and film have been used for educational purpose over the years, none has quite impacted on the educational process like the computer. While television and film impact only on the audiovisual faculties of users, the computer is capable of activating the senses of sight, hearing and touch of the users. ICT has the capacity to provide higher interactive potential for users to... read more

The predominant means of instruction has traditionally been through verbal medium, either as spoken lecture or written text. As more instructional resources of many different media types become available to students, through the internet, there is a need for educators to understand when these sources may be used effectively for instruction, as well as a need for students to develop an additional set of literacy skills in order to learn from these sources (Anyakoha, 1990). Tyner (2000) argued ... read more

The concept of gender has become an essential phenomenon for some psychologists on how students learn. Gender distinctions, gender bias, and gender issues remain very paramount in understanding achievement-related behaviours so as to make it predictable, and as such amenable to possible manipulations (Dee, 1988). The source of gender differences has long been a topic of heated debate. Though tests of general intelligence suggest on overall differences between men and women, there are large gende... read more

Teaching is both an art and a science. According to him, it is an instrumental, practical art rather than a fine-art. That is teaching "requires an improvisation, spontaneity, the handling of a vast array of considerations of form, style, pace, rhythm and appropriateness in ways, so complex that even computers must lose the way" (Anyanwu, 2000). Tumble (2003) states that teaching process is too complex, with a nearly infinite variety of circumstances, subjects, student groups, and age groups ... read more

Ever since the implementation of the CRS programme there have been the question about the moral standing of the teachers that are going to teach it. Teachers in general are seen has role models for the students that they teach. In the case of a teacher of CRS, moral lessons are a key part of the subject and when the teacher is found wanting in that particular aspect then there is a problem of what is being taught. There is a proverb that goes ‘practice what you preach’ when a teachers mor... read more

The issue of quality in any education system cannot be compromised. The quality of educational administrators (principals), teachers and learners (students) in any nation determines the quality of its citizenry. The changes in the educational sector in Nigeria, especially in education district two (ii) demands that the school principals play a bigger and more important role in educational supervision. (Grauwe and Carron, 2004) states that principal supervisory roles in schools particularly... read more