Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols for the intention of deriving meaning (reading comprehension) and /or constructing meaning. It is the mastery of basic cognitive processes to the point where they are automatic so that attention is freed for the analysis of meaning. Reading is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language skills, it is complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the r... read more

Special education is a specially design instruction that meets the unique needs of a student with disability. Kirk and Gallagher (1992), describe special education as any form of education specially designed for exceptional students. These are students who are not able to respond to and benefit from programmes in regular school and must be given special consideration and assistance. They therefore see special education as those additional services over and above the regular school programme t... read more

Peaceful co-existence is an indispensable ingredient that helps in the promotion of growth and development in a society. Peace is very essential for the progress of every society. Abindu (2002) underlined that the need of peaceful co-existence and conflict prevention movement in the society, start from the home with the examination of how children socialize and how they are indoctrinated. Peace is the actions that build bridges across social barrier, create harmony and promote peaceful co-existe... read more

Quality education is now an issue of global concern. As the Nigerian stakeholder’s attention is increasingly focused on the outcomes of education, policy makers have undertaken a wide range of reforms to improve schools and schooling, ranging from setting new standards and tests to redesigning of schools, new curricula and new instructional strategies. Rising expectations about what students should know and be able to do, break-through in research on how children learn, and the increasing dive... read more

The relationship between school environment and school academic achievement has been a perplexing one for educators. Studies have found that the physical environment, siting of school in rural or urban area, socio-economic status of the neighborhood, ethic location of the school, overcrowded classrooms built near market center, libraries, technical workshops, laboratories, school plant planning, among others are all school environment variables that significantly affect school academic achieveme... read more

The entire society is built on different functional structures which interdependent on one another. These structures include the educational structure, economic structure, political structure among others. Community settlement is essential for human survival and the various interactions are bound to give rise to conflicts (Crises) because no group of individuals or society is an island. Conflicts do occur for it is an inevitable aspect of life but it needs to be controlled. ... read more

Education is the best legacy parents can give to their children. The development of the nation starts from the family. When the family succeeds in teaching and impacting good values in their children, the country becomes a better place to live. It is generally believed that the basis for any true development must commence with the development of human resource. Formal education is the demonstration of such desires to effectively and efficiently build a sound and strong economy. Numerous factors ... read more

Zangon Kataf Local Government is one of the twenty-three (23) Local Government areas in Kaduna State with the Headquarters in Zonkwa. It is bounded by Kachia Local Government, Jema’a Local Government, Kaura Local Government and Kauru Local Government. Zango Local Government is made up of three (3) chiefdoms are subdivided into 36 districts. Bajju chiefdom has 13 districts within the Atyap chiefdom having 14 districts, while Ikulu/Kamatan chiefdom has nine (9) districts. This investigation o... read more

Study habits are learning tendencies that enable students work privately. Study habits are defined as those techniques such as summarizing, note taking, outlining or locating materials which learners employ to assist themselves in the efficient leaning of the materials which is at hand. The term “Study habits” implies a sort of more or less permanent method of studying. According to Good’s dictionary of education, “Study habits are the tendency of students to study when the opportunitie... read more

Of all the factors militating against smooth academic calendar, secret cult activities appear to be the most intractable today. Ritualistic tendencies, display of acts of terrorism, and the wanton destruction of life and property perpetrated by members of secret cults have become grave social concern in and outside the school system. The situation is rapidly assuming alarming and wilder proportion. The reckless use of offensive weapons including arms and ammunition by cult members or groups p... read more

Human behaviour is not only governed by rational decision making, sometimes often have shared values and standards of acceptable behaviour that members of the society are encouraged to follow. A culture of a society guides the behaviour and the thoughts of their members by agreed upon expectations and rules. The list of behavioural guidelines is typically referred to as social norms, while the unacceptable behaviours are tagged taboos (Fershtman, 2011). A taboo is a prohibition against a cert... read more

It is not out of place to say that motivation has always be an important and puzzling technique for managers and employers to achieve their organizational goals. As a result, personal management problems and its effects on secondary school teacher’s performance spring from lack of motivation and incentives for the staff and or employees of the organization. Motivation is referred from people’s behaviours and cannot be directly observed or measured. However, personal management has evolved... read more

According to Blurton (1999), ICT is an accepted acronym of the word information communication technology. It is a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate and to create, disseminate, store and manage information. This means that ICT helps in the storage and management of information. These skills include the ability to become lifelong learners within a context of collaborative inquiry and the ability to work and learn from experts and peers in a connected global co... read more

The utmost aim of education is to produce a well-rounded individual that would be useful to himself and the society at large having been found worthy in learning and in character as well as a change in behavior. Adult education as a field of study promotes this aim of education as it provides the adult learners with the necessary material, human, cultural and economic skills in order for them to be useful to themselves and the society at large. Omolewa (1981) quoted the Director-General of UNESC... read more

Education and training are basically processes by which skills, knowledge and attitudes are learnt for performing social and economic responsibilities, social integration, improving personal competence, acquiring formal qualification for pursuing further education and seeking better employment opportunities. A major component of the development planning process is the effort in human capacity building through education and training. Anyanwu et al (1997) define education as any process by which a... read more

This research was designed to investigate the influence of broken homes on students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. The study aimed at finding the extent to which broken homes influenced the performance of student in schools. A case study design was used which combined qualitative and quantitative techniques of data collection and analysis. However, the study was more incline to qualitative research techniques. The target population compr... read more

Over the years, there have been growing concerns about the attitude of students towards the study of social studies in secondary schools. The need to adapt our education to the needs of the Nigerian society started before and after independence. Many educational elites began to recognize that the functional inadequacies of the educational system inherited from the colonial education failed to develop positive values, attitudes and habits in our society because the social studies they taught wa... read more

The people of Edo State, Nigeria, consist of a group of historically related people who trace their origins or ancestry to the Benin Kingdom. The inhabitants of the kingdom of Benin were also known as Edo people. The names Edo and Benin can be used interchangeably. Edo is better used in vernacular speech, while Benin is used in English. Both names thus represent the land and people of Benin. The people of Edo State can be divided into five (5) main ethnic groups distinct from each other in certa... read more

Education is the bed-rock of any nation‘s defense. Education is that process that helps to develop the whole man physically, mentally, socially and technologically to enable him to function effectively in any environment in which he may find himself. (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2009). Ogundele, (2000) observed that no nation rises above the level of its education and no educational system outgrows the quality and status of its teachers. Nakpodia, (2006) observed that in any educational arran... read more

The basic social unit of every group is the family. The family is a universal institution bounded together by social and biological ties. Family is the logical outcome of marriage consisting of a man, his wife, wives, child or, children. It is characterized by common residence, economic cooperation, cum-maintenance, reproduction, and a unit for primary socialization. It is also characterized by a sense of family identification and loyalty, social placement and control, mutual assistance among me... read more