CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Transportation is critical to the growth of every nation. It improves people's mobility, makes for more efficient use of services, and opens up previously inaccessible regions. The majority of urban transportation in Nigeria has been by rail. Indeed, seventy percent of vehicle trips are made through private-sector-dominated public transportation (Oyesiku, 2002: 28). Prior to the introduction of motorcycles for commercial transportation, most Nigerian cities relied mostly on taxis and medium-sized buses for intra-city transportation. Transportation in large cities such as Lagos, Ibadan, and others included the usage of vehicles such as molue, Bolekaja (wooden lorries used for transporting merchandise and passengers), kabukabu (private cars used for commercial transport), taxis, and mini buses. Private people were in control of these modes. In Lagos, in addition to privately owned buses, the government operated a public bus transportation operation. The train was the other mode of mass transportation. The railway was built to transport citizens from one location to another. While motorcycles had been used in Nigeria since colonial times, they were mostly used for private transportation. Before the 1970s, there is little proof that bikes were used for commercial purposes.
Motorcycles and Tricycles have been used by private people in Nigeria for a long time. While many people used it for personal reasons, a few used it to move farm produce and sell items such as flour, drugs, newspapers, and so on. Motorcycle use as a mode of intra-city transportation in Nigeria can be attributed to a number of reasons. One significant cause was the accelerated pace of urbanization in the face of insufficient transportation. In Lagos, for example, as the city spread into Oko-Oba, Agbado, Abule Egba, Ikotun, Egbe, Ipaja, and other regions, it was often difficult to get traditional modes of transportation to bring people into and out of these places. Commuters often strained during peak hours to find commercial vehicles to transport them in or out of these regions (Ikeano, 1991:24). The inadequacy of the transportation infrastructure was addressed by the appearance of commercial bikes on the streets of Lagos. Another aspect that led to the rise of motorcycles for commercial transportation in Nigeria was the country's high rate of unemployment in the 1980s. This was a product of the Nigerian economy's slowdown at the time. Lagos has one of the biggest traffic jams in the country. Commuters also choose quicker yet arguably riskier options such as commercial motorcycles to prevent wasting hours stuck in traffic. Bike-hailing services like Gokada, O'Ride, and Max.Ng have sprung up throughout the city in recent years to help residents negotiate the city's perpetual traffic jams. The Lagos state government pronounced a ban on okada, tricycles, and, by implication, bike hailing services on Tuesday, January 27, 2020. On February 1, the ban went into place fewer than six days later. The ban impacted six of the state's 20 local government areas: Surulere, Lagos Mainland, Lagos Island, Ikeja, Eti Osa, and Apapa. These six regions account for 28 percent of Lagos' economy, with a total population of 6.8 million. These six regions are also Lagos' economic hubs, with thousands of large corporations providing high-paying employment in Ikoyi, Marina, Ikeja, and Victoria Island. The government argued that there were legitimate grounds for imposing the ban at this period. The primary concern was defense. Dr Taiwo Salaam, Permanent Secretary at the Lagos State Ministry of Transportation, reported that motorcycles killed over 11,000 people in the state between 2011 and 2019. According to Dr. Frederic Oladeinde, the Lagos Commissioner for Transport, motorcycles is responsible for at least 600 deaths between 2018 and 2019. Another problem was security. Lagos has seen an explosion of informal okada riders from other Nigerian states and also neighboring countries in the last ten years. The government had introduced and replaced motorcycles and tricycles with “Last mile buses”.
Statement of the problem
Millions of Lagosians rely on motorbikes and tricycles. Drivers depend on the income gotten from daily rides to feed their family and improve their living standard. The ban on motorcycles and tricycle have forced this drivers into looking for other sources of income. After years of relying on tricycles and motorcycles, the ban left residents stuck and perplexed over how to get to work. The cost of transportation in the state has risen. Bus rates have risen, and costs for ride-hailing services such as Uber and Bolt have risen in response to increased demand. People are already wasting more valuable hours searching for public transportation. When they finally spot a bus, the fight to get on it can result in violent and gruesome scuffles between commuters. Pushing and struggling to get onto buses around rush hour is resurfacing in more places, even surprising ones.
Objective of the study
The following are the objective of the study:
1. To investigate how the ban on motorcycles and tricycle have affected the living standard of its citizens
2. To investigate if the ban has led to the rise in crime rate in the state
Research questions
1. Has the ban on motorcycle affected the living standard of its citizens?
2. Has the ban led to increase in crime rate in the state?
Significance of the study
This study is of significance to the government as it will serve as a guide in implementing effective measures to curtail crimes and insecurity as it find means of solving the motorcycle and tricycle ban.
Scope of the study
The aim of this research is to investigate public perception on the tricycle and motorcycle ban on citizens living standard. ( a case study of “ Last mile buses” initiatives in Lagos state)
Limitation of the study
Finance,time constraint and lack of research materials were the major challeges the researcher encountered during the course of this study.
Definition of terms
Tricycle: A tricycle, often abbreviated to trike is a human-powered (or gravity-powered) three-wheeled vehicle.
Ban: A ban is a formal or informal prohibition[1] of something. Bans are formed for the prohibition of activities within a certain political territory.
Motorcycle: A motorcycle, is a two-wheeled motor vehicle
References
1. Oladipo, O.O(2012) The Development and Impact of Motorcycles as Means of
Commercial Transportation in Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. 2225-0484
2. Premium times.ng. Lagos government set to replace motorcycles and tricycles with last mile buses
3. Abubakar,I.(2020) The multifaceted implication of a ban on okada and motorcycles in lagos
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