Every Society in whatever form will comprise the ruling and the authority and the ruled subjects. As social contract term the ruler is expected to perform some roles; be it administrative, social, economic, political, cultural or religious. In return, the ruled subjects that enjoy the benefits from these roles performed are to give something for keeping the machinery working. This could be in cash or in kind. 'In light of the above, every constituted human society, whether primitive or modem, ha... read more

It is not an overstatement that taxation plays a prominent role in the economy of any nation as one of the major means of generating revenue. In the past government derived more revenue from Company Income tax compared to any other sources of revenue but now reverse is the case and this is due to the ineffectiveness of the administrative machinery of Company Income Tax .i.e., Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), the government policy and the conduct of the tax payers. It was also observed b... read more

The rate of economic development of any nation is inextricably liked to the sophistication of its financial markets. Financial markets assist the nation of the world to give the needed financial resources and skills for growth and development. Apart from promoting a sound and efficient payments mechanism, the financial intimidation. The financial market is an institutional arrangement that facilities the intermediation of funds in an economy. By financial intermediation, it means mobil... read more

One on the ultimate means of evaluating the performance of a public sector can be attributed to budget or budgetary control. Most managers planning and control to determine the goals and objectives of an organization is geared towards accomplishing all activities of the organization to achieve its desired goals. In other words, to ensure that the company will make a projection of its cost and revenue (budget) while (control) is the cost of ensuring that corrective actions are taken whenever cost... read more

For a country to exist in harmony, the government of such country must live up to its public economic and social obligation by providing economic and social amenities reduced or subsidized commercial rate. To do so, this will normally involve huge expenditure and therefore, will also require revenue source. Additionally, government at various levels will need to settle operational costs to be able to offer the aforementioned social amenities; one of the various sources of fund available to... read more

One of the most important things in life of a business is decision making. Decision making is an all pervasive activity taking place at every level in the organization, covering both the short and long term. It is concerned with the future and involves a choice between alternatives. The decision making of a business is centered upon the information possessed by the decision maker. However, plans are activated by decisions which require some of financial or qualitative analysis in order to make... read more

This project is designed to evaluate the application of marginal costing technique in a manufacturing company with special reference to Nestle Nigeria Plc as a case study. It therefore examines the techniques of marginal costing as a tool of industrial survival in the Nigeria present economy. The project will also examine cost control system of Nestle Nigeria Plc so as to know whether or not a control system exists. The effective control of production and distribution of operational cost a... read more

Like many other African countries, Nigeria is primarily agrarian with its abundant land and water resources. Despite the rapid growth of the oil industry over the years, agriculture still accounts for 40% of GDP and provides employment (both formal and informal) for about 60% of Nigerian’s 150 million people. Nigeria’s agriculture remains largely subsistence-based with about 80% of agricultural output coming from rural farmers living on less than a dollar per day, earned from farming less th... read more

The essence of value Added Tax (VAT) In Nigeria in 1994 was to boost the revenue base of the government, re-activate the economy and as possible- reduce the poverty level by appropriately re­allocating resources from personal and private sections to promote growth and development. The adoption of this form of consumption tax was also necessitated by the decline in the oil revenue due to fluctuations in the price of oil in the international market, which makes the oil revenue insufficient to run... read more

Industrial growth forms the basis for industrial development is not only needed for its ability to improve living standard. It also acts as a weapon for building national strength and prestige. Therefore industrial development implies the increase of industrial, expansion of quality and quality of output and the institutionalization of industrial growth process. It also involve technical activities of a own routine nature concerned with translating research findings or other with translating re... read more

This research study examines the Effect of Information Technology on the Efficiency of Tax Administration in Nigeria, a case Study of Enugu State Board of Internal Revenue. Its main objective is to find out whether the application of Information Technology increases efficiency on tax administration. For the purpose of this study, the researcher adopted the method of survey Research Design. Data used in this research were gotten from both primary and secondary sources including questionnaires and... read more

According to Black Law Dictionary, tax is a rateable portion of the produce of the property and labor of the individual citizens, taken by the nation, in the exercise of its sovereign rights, for the support of government, for the administration of the laws, and as the means for continuing in operation the various legitimate functions of the state. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (2006) and the Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria (2002) view tax as an enforced contrib... read more

Nigerian government has made significant efforts in recent years, not only in the fair distribution of such facilities to different parts of the country but also to increase the quality and improve the quality of such facilities. The development of infrastructural facilities today is the responsibility of the Federal and state government. However, it should be noted, that until recently most of the infrastructure facilities developed in the country were established, staffed and controlled by ... read more

For the past ages, man as a rational and divine animal has been struggling with the procurement of reasonable standard of living and the ways of managing his expected maximum utility (profit). The eventful development of a well organized society gave birth to the order of the day, government had the right to interfere with the economic process to protect the interest of the nation. During the 18th century Adam smith and other great authors came out with the system of laessez fair. The system sui... read more

The aim of all production is to satisfy peoples wants, however in carrying out this production, certain costs are incurred I order to achieve the stated organisational objective be it to satisfy peoples wants according to Hanson J. L to maximizes profit. For any business to achieve it s set objective there have to be adequate, strong and effective cost reduction measures (formal or informal) which should be adopted. The effectiveness of the these measures however may have heaped some of these c... read more

Small scale enterprises are a major component of the Ugandan business sector that sustained the economy through the hard times when all the different sectors of the economy were in disequilibrium. In 1986, Uganda undertook economic reforms through the IMF/World Bank funded Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs). Like in many developing countries these reforms were meant to change the Economy from an inefficient, import dependent economy to one that is more diversified, efficient and export orient... read more

In all generation, the problems of personal income tax generation and administration continues to surface in one form or another in virtually every society, especially in this part of the world. It is important to point out that the federal government has taken adequate steps in effective tax administration. This failure on the part of the federal government is responsible for poor financial positions of both the state and local government. Besides, this inadequate planning and absolute laws go... read more

According to Black Law Dictionary, tax is a rateable portion of the produce of the property and labor of the individual citizens, taken by the nation, in the exercise of its sovereign rights, for the support of government, for the administration of the laws, and as the means for continuing in operation the various legitimate functions of the state. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (2006) and the Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria (2002) view tax as an enforced contrib... read more

In the year 1962 at Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria, a brewery company was incorporated named Guinness (Nigeria) Plc. The Benin branch which is the case study was established in mid 1972 as at the time of incorporation, it was called Guinness (Nigeria) Ltd. It was changed to Guinness Nigeria Plc in the year 1991 due to government directive to distinguish public limited companies from other limited companies. Guinness (Nigeria) Plc, Benin branch is located along the Benin Agbor road, at Oregbeni H... read more

Since the attainment of independence in 1960 various policies of the Nigerian government have been geared towards promoting the growth and development of the Nigeria economy by influencing the trends of Gross Domestic Investment or indirectly through policies aimed at stimulating the flow of finance in any growing economy. Several literatures have shown that there is a nexus between increase in Real Gross Domestic Investment and economic growth of the Nigerian economy. Real Domestic investment i... read more