The World Bank (2000) defines poverty as a "multidimensional phenomenon, encompassing inability to satisfy basic needs, lack control, poor health, malnutrition, lack of shelter, poor access to water and sanitation, vulnerability to shocks, violence and crime, lack of political freedom. The food and Agriculture organization of united Nation (FOA) defines food security as "access by all people at all times to food needed for a Healthy and active life" (FAO 2000). However, achieving food securit... read more

A good financial power of a nation is a function of satisfactory and efficient fiscal policies. Fiscal and monetary policies are the twin policy instrument used by a nation to regulate the level of government spending, taxation and public debt aimed at influencing economic activities in a desired manner. The past failure of fiscal policies in Nigeria in contributing to growth wealth creation and poverty reduction can better be analyzed within the framework of a commonly known term "Natural Resou... read more

Nigeria is richly blessed with oil and gas among other mineral resources, but the over dependence on oil revenue for the economic development of the country has left much to be deserved. According to Ariyo (1997) Nigeria's over dependence on oil revenue to the total neglect of other revenue source was encouraged by the oil boom of 1973/74. This is unsustainable due to the fluctuation in the oil market which have in most cases plunged the nation into deficit budgets. It was the view of Popoola (2... read more

Nigerian government has made significant efforts in recent years, not only in the fair distribution of such facilities to different parts of the country but also to increase the quality and improve the quality of such facilities. The development of infrastructural facilities today is the responsibility of the Federal and state government. However, it should be noted, that until recently most of the infrastructure facilities developed in the country were established, staffed and controlled by ... read more

This research project pries into the impact of small and medium scale enterprises on Nigeria economic development with a view to establish it effect on the Nigeria economic as a whole. The Nigeria economic is basically made up of the enterprises sectors which share the production of goods and services. The enterprises sectors comprises of individual, household, commercially oriented firm and some other governmental organizations which the primary object is developing the Nigeria­ economy ... read more

Over the years, Nigeria has made conscious and determined efforts to attain a high level of social and economic transformation of the economy in order to attain the development goals and including monetary policy, fiscal, policy, exchange control measures and income and price control. The measures adopted were changed from time to time to reflect the changing economic environment and circumstances. This work focuses on two of the policies adopted (monetary and fiscal policy) and examines thei... read more

Investment plays a very important and positive role for progress and prosperity of any country. Many countries rely on investment to solve their economic problem such as poverty, unemployment etc (Muhammad and Mohammed 2004). Interest rate on the other hand is the price paid for the use of money. It is the opportunity cost of borrowing money from a lender to finance investment project. It can also be seen as the return being paid to the provider of financial resources, for using the fund for ... read more

In most developing countries there is the dearth of capital for investment which has affected the economic situation of these nations. In other to ameliorate the situation various governments of these nations has now focused much attention on investment especially foreign direct investment which will not only guarantee employment but will also impact positively on economic growth and development. FDI is needed to reduce the difference between the desired gross domestic investment and domestic sa... read more

A tax administration represents key resource allocator between the public and private sectors in a country, it is usually imposed on individuals and entity that make up a country. The funds provided by tax are used by the states to support certain states obligations such as Education system, Health care system, Pensions .for the elderly, Unemployment benefits, Public transportation, etc. A nation tax system is often a reflection of its communal values or the values of those in power. To create t... read more

In rural Nigeria, majority of the people are poor. They are the disadvantaged and marginalized sections of society who often face impediments to use productivity enhancing resources in the same way they may face impediments to make good use of ICT facilities and infrastructures Moss (2000). Some of the constraints to ICTs facilities and infrastructures in rural Nigeria are surmountable while others require a shift in both human and organizational communication and working patterns which may take... read more

The capital market is one of the compartments financial system that promotes savings and investment in an economy, by providing the means of gathering savings and making them available to borrowers. The other compartment of the financial system is the money market, which is being controlled by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The stock Exchange is one of the key institutions of the capital market, it is a network of individuals, institutions and instruments involved in the efficient channel... read more

Economies are confronted with one problem or the other, and governments are constantly locked in effort and actions to alleviate them from the economic point of view, there is the gap between the potential Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the actual, which is referred to as the employment gap, or the GDP gap. This gap has to be reduced to the minimum. In order to achieve this, the government or its agencies take various actions, referred technically as policies. The natures of economic proble... read more

The role of exchange rate and its effects on macroeconomic performance has continued to generate interest among economists. Many economists argue that exchange rate stability facilitates production activities and economic growth. They are also of the view that misalignment in real exchange rate could distort production activities and consequently hinders exports growth and generate macroeconomic instability (Mamta Chowdhury, 1999)Exchange rate policy guides investors on the, best way they can st... read more

It has been historically evidenced that market mechanism does not ensure general equilibrium and stability in the economy. As a result, macroeconomic problems-business cycles, inflation, deflation, stagflation and unemployment continue to arise time and again. Therefore, government is forced to adopt policy measures to redress the problems as and when they arise. If governments are to intervene in the economy, there still remains the problem of selecting the appropriate instruments of achieving ... read more

Terrorism in whatever dimension poses threat and insecurities to human existence in regards to which defenseless nations live in perpetual fears and anxiety. Knowing full well that Security is presently a major challenge in Nigeria and Nigerians are killed on daily basis and in their numbers. Though the government claims to be on top of the situation, the problem persists. The effects of these acts of terrorism are the threats they posed to national security, peace, unity and development of the ... read more

Prolonged economic recession occasioned by the collapse of the world oil market from the early 1980s and the attendant sharp fall in foreign exchange earnings have adversely affected economic growth and development in Nigeria. Other problems of the economy include excessive dependence on imports for bothconsumption and capital goods, dysfunctional social and economic infrastructure, unprecedented fall in capacity utilization rate in industry and neglect of the agricultural sector, among others (... read more

The “Twin deficit” debate was a common policy issue during the 1980s and the early 1990s and the term was initially invented to describe the co-movement between the budget deficit and the current account deficit in the United States (Chang and Hsu, 2009). Subsequently, researchers began applying it to other countries. Ever since, it has become an area of interest for researchers to examine the causal link between the two deficits and the direction of causality. The simultaneous emergence of ... read more

In the past, emphasis had been placed on the accumulation of physical or material capital to the detriment of human capital in Nigeria’s quest for rapid economic development ignoring the fact that the major source of per capital output in any country; whether developing or developed with a market economy or centrally planned is an increase in productivity per capital output growth is however an important component of economic development or welfare. (Abramowitz, 1981). From studies, it has ... read more

In the early stages of economic development of most developing countries including Nigeria, agriculture and the agrarian population generates a greater proportion of the gross domestic product (GDP) and invariably stimulates the development of other sectors of the economy. The place of agriculture, in Nigerian’s economy has remained critical over the years since independence .This is because prior to the political crisis of 1967-1970, the country’s food demand was satisfied from domestic pro... read more

Agriculture is said to be the foundation and bedrock upon which the development of stable human community has depended on throughout the whole universe such as rural and urban communities. Agriculture is the cultivation of land, raising and rearing of animals for the purpose of production of food for man, animals and industries. It involves and comprises of crop production, livestock and forestry, fishery, processing and marketing of those agricultural production. The studyof the history of e... read more