Financial scandals and misappropriation around the world and the recent collapse of large corporate organization in the USA and Europe have brought to the fore, again, the need for the practice of sound corporate governance, which is the system by which the affairs of companies are directed and controlled with the aim of increasing shareholders value and meeting the expectation of other stakeholders. The case of Enron in the U.S and many cases in U.K such as Polly Peck, Maxwell Communication and... read more

According to Swanson (2008), it is as important for corporations to know that their corporate structure and strategic decisions affect audit fees as it is for the auditor to adequately understand and evaluate the liability risk associated with that audit engagement. Auditors accept engagements to perform services and issue an opinion on the representations of the financial statements. There is, however, a great deal of risk associated with the process. An auditor is liable to the corporation, it... read more

The role of the banking system as an engine of economic growth is appreciated by the functions, the constituency performs. The banking sector provides liquidity that services the needs of the economy, facilitates the mobilization of surplus funds from both domestic and foreign sources and optimally allocates such mobilized resources to deficit economic limits for product investment. The banking system also provides infrastructure for monetary policy transmission among other thing. In recent year... read more

The relevance of banks in the economy of any nation cannot be overemphasized. They are the cornerstones of the economy of a country. Banks play the important role of promoting economic growth and development through the process of financial intermediation; in this process, banks facilitate capital formation and lubricate the production process. This intermediation is important because in the absence of banks, the savings would have been fragmented and put in small packet here and there. By pooli... read more

Banks all over the world have through their unique position in the economy contributed immensely to economic growth and development of nations, hence the banking sector in any country plays fundamental role in increasing the level of economic activity. A bank is any person, partnership, or company that provide the minimum banking services and which is licensed by the federal government as a banking institution. Such minimum banking services includes acceptance of deposit from the general publ... read more

Internal control, the strength of every organization, has become of paramount importance today in Nigeria banks; the reason being that the control system in any organization is a pillar for an efficient accounting system. The need for internal control systems in the organization, especially banks cannot be undermined, due to the fact that the banking sector, which has a crucial role in the economic development of a nation, is now being characterized by macro economic instability, slow growth in ... read more

Cash liquidity reflects a financial institution’s ability to fund assets and meet financial obligations. Cash liquidity is essential in all banks to meet customer withdrawals, compensate for balance sheet fluctuations, and provide funds for growth. Funds management involves estimating liquidity requirements and meeting those needs in a cost-effective way. Effective funds management requires financial institutions to estimate and plan for cash liquidity demands over various periods and to consi... read more

The role of the banking system as an engine of economic growth is appreciated by the functions, the constituency performs. The banking sector provides liquidity that services the needs of the economy, facilitates the mobilization of surplus funds from both domestic and foreign sources and optimally allocates such mobilized resources to deficit economic limits for product investment. The banking system also provides infrastructure for monetary policy transmission among other thing. In recent year... read more

The ideal of micro-finance banking become necessary due to the inability of the conventional banking schemes to mobilize the dormant funds in rural area and channel them into needy factor. Besides, small business and the rural farmers needed to inculcate banking culture. Their idle funds needed to be mobilized for onward lending to the productive sector hence the need for microfinance banks arose. Much effort have been made in the past by successive government to involve rural dwellers in Nig... read more

Information and communication technology (ICT) is an instruction technology to enhance the effective service delivery by banks in Nigeria; it is the application of organized or scientific knowledge to practical tasks of using the system. According to Akinola and Aremu, (2000) instructional technologies incorporate the tools and making present support to reinforce the usage of this system. Technology in this respect involves broad based technology including it methods, management and it applic... read more

In any economy especially developing ones like Nigeria, the role of banking sub-sector, is a very crucial one. The principal economic function of banks is making loans available to fund consumption and investment spending by business, individuals and units of government. They mobilize funds of surplus economic units and then convert such funds as credit facilities to the deficit units. Proper management of loans and advances is therefore required; however due to the fact that it is the most prof... read more

It is now common knowledge according to egbe(2000) that the 1980’s witnessed a rapid growth of commercials banking activities in many Nigeria rural communities where banking habits, culture, commitment and community development was poor if not non –existent It is instructive to note that during this period, community funds among rural dwellers hardly were gathered for saving and loans in order to stimulate domestic investment Also, interest on borrowed money was made as low as possible... read more

The creation of more state in Nigeria in 1976 gave rise to new urban centres, the rapid growth of which increased the need to finance the provision of public utilities. One of the major sources of finance is real estate taxation. Property tax reform is one of the alternatives proposed as a means for raising increased revenue to meet the financial needs of cities in less developed countries. Property rating is employed in Nigeria at the local government levels to raise revenues for public purpose... read more

Small firms play vital roles in the process of industrialization, sustainable economic growth (Ariyo, 2005); encouragement of entrepreneurship, employment generation (Ogujiuba et al, 2004); reduction of poverty and contribution to the Gross Domestic Products (GDP) of many countries (Taiwo, Ayodeji and Yusuf 2012; Audretch, 2010; Paul, 2009; Rogers, 2002). They perform such vital roles through innovation and the production of various goods and services which empower the process of economic develo... read more

The purpose of occupational pension scheme is to provide employees regular and stable income after their retirement from service. It is an arrangement an employer or a group of employers use(s) to provide pension (and sometimes other) benefits for their employees when they leave or retire. They also provide benefits to the employee’s dependant if the employee dies. This scheme is usually funded by contributions from just the employer, or from both the employer and the employee. A good pension ... read more

Every company operates within the internal and external environments of business. The internal environments are within a firm such that the prevailing factors are most times very subject to the control of the managers. The external environment has to do with the larger business environments in which a firm operates; and the factors therein are not subject to the control of the managers. The factors in the external environment not subject to the control of a manager generally can be regarded... read more

The rapid changes in business operations in contemporary times in the form of technological improvement require banks in Nigeria to serve their customers electronically. Traditionally, banks have been in the forefront of harnessing technology to improve their products and services. The banking industry and its environment in the 21st century is highly complex and competitive and therefore the need for information and communication technology to take centre stage in the operations of banks (Steve... read more

Manufacturing firms are considered important in both developed and developing countries. They are producer of goods and services which help to increase economic growth and contribute significantly to employment creation. Although they play a crucial role in economic growth and employment and their operations are often crippled by lack of adequate financing from financial institutions. The main purpose of this research is to examine the impact of debt financing on the growth of manufacturing firm... read more

Mobile banking is an innovation that has progressively rendered itself in pervasive ways cutting across several financial institutions and other sectors of the economy. During the 21st century mobile banking advanced from providing mere text messaging services to that of pseudo internet banking where customers could not only view their balances and set up multiple types of alerts but also transact activities such as fund transfers, redeem loyalty coupons, deposit cheques via the mobile phone and... read more

Microfinance has gradually developed to be a worldwide movement, no longer being a subject matter of microfinance practitioners alone. Governments, donors, development agencies, banks, foundations, corporations, business communities, civil societies, researchers, universities, consultants, philanthropists and others are taking an increasing interest in it (Sale Huddin and Hukinil, 2004). The increasing level of acceptance of microfinance among the various groups of stakeholders worldwide prese... read more